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Weak Association between Skin Autofluorescence Levels and Prediabetes with an ILERVAS Cross-Sectional Study.

Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Diabetes and Metabolism (ODIM) Research Group, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Obesity, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain. Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia. Amalfi Analytics, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, 08034 Barcelona, Spain. Precision Medicine in Chronic Diseases Group, IRBLleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain. Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, IRBLleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain. Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RedinRen-ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain. Stroke Unit, Clinical Neurosciences Group, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain. Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain. Applied Epidemiology Research Group, IRBLleida. Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Lleida, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 25198 Lleida, Spain. Department of Experimental Medicine, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.

Nutrients. 2022;(5)
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Abstract

A large body of evidence demonstrates a relationship between hyperglycemia and increased concentrations of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). However, there is little information about subcutaneous AGE accumulation in subjects with prediabetes, and whether or not this measurement could assist in the diagnosis of prediabetes is unclear. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 4181 middle-aged subjects without diabetes. Prediabetes (n = 1444) was defined as a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level between 39 and 47 mmol/mol (5.7 to 6.4%), and skin autofluorescence (SAF) measurement was performed to assess AGEs. A multivariable logistic regression model and receiver operating characteristic curve were used. The cohort consisted of 50.1% women with an age of 57 [52;62] years, a BMI of 28.3 [25.4;31.6] kg/m2, and a prevalence of prediabetes of 34.5%. Participants with prediabetes showed higher SAF than control participants (2.0 [1.7;2.2] vs. 1.9 [1.7;2.2], p < 0.001). However, HbA1c was not significantly correlated with SAF levels (r = 0.026, p = 0.090). In addition, the SAF level was not independently associated with prediabetes (OR = 1.12 (0.96 to 1.30)). Finally, there was no good cutoff point for SAF to identify patients with prediabetes (AUC = 0.52 (0.50 to 0.54), sensitivity = 0.61, and 1-specificity = 0.56). Given all of this evidence, we can conclude that although there is an increase in SAF levels in participants with prediabetes, the applicability and clinical relevance of the results is low in this population.